Efeito da época de colheita na produção de fitomassa e rendimento de óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham. ) / Effect of harvesting time on phytomass production and essential oil yield in "alecrim-pimenta" (Lippia sidoides Cham. )

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a massa fresca, massa seca e rendimento de óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides cultivada no Norte de Minas. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por intervalos de colheita: 120, 180, 240, 300 e 360 dias após o transplantio. Em cada colheita, foram determinados a altura das plantas, o diâmetro da base do caule, o rendimento de matéria fresca de folhas, caule, parte aérea e o rendimento de matéria seca da parte aérea, além do teor e rendimento de óleo essencial por planta. O teor máximo de óleo essencial foi detectado aos 180 dias, enquanto que a produção máxima de matéria seca ocorreu aos 329 dias. A produção de óleo essencial por planta foi 2,34±1,15 g. A produtividade de óleo essencial foi de 124,8 kg ha-1, sendo recomendada a colheita aos 180 dias.

The aim of this study was to evaluate fresh and dry mass, as well as essential oil yield, in Lippia sidoides cultivated in the north of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replicates. Treatments consisted of the following harvesting intervals: 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days after transplanting. Measurements on each harvesting included plant height, stem base diameter, leaf, stem and shoot fresh matter yield, and shoot dry matter yield, besides essential oil content and yield per plant. The highest essential oil content was detected at 180 days, whereas the highest dry matter production was observed at 390 days. Essential oil yield per plant was 2.34±1.15 g and productivity was 124.8 kg ha-1. Thus, harvesting at 180 days is recommended.

Pressões respiratórias máximas: valores encontrados e preditos em indivíduos saudáveis / Maximal respiratory pressures: actual and predicted values in healthy subjects

OBJETIVO: Comparar os valores encontrados de pressões respiratórias máximas (pressão inspiratória máxima-PImáx e pressão expiratória máxima-PEmáx) em uma amostra de indivíduos saudáveis de Minas Gerais com valores preditos pelas equações propostas por Neder et al.³. MÉTODOS: Por meio de um manovacuômetro analógico, foram estudados 100 indivíduos saudáveis (54 mulheres, 46 homens), com idade entre 20-80 anos, recrutados no estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil. A análise estatística foi realizada com testes paramétricos ou não-paramétricos, dependendo da distribuição das variáveis, considerando significativo p< 0,05. RESULTADOS: PImáx em mulheres: a média dos valores encontrados foi significativamente menor que a média dos preditos (68,24 ± 29,48 x 86,53 ± 8,76; p= 0,000) e houve correlação de moderada magnitude e significativa (r= 0,557; p< 0,000); PImáx em homens: não houve diferença significativa entre os valores encontrados e preditos (104,67 ± 42,66 x 116,78 ± 14,02; p= 0,055) e houve correlação de baixa magnitude e não significativa (r= 0,236; p= 0,115); PEmáx em mulheres: não houve diferença significativa entre os valores encontrados e preditos (80,37 ± 33,32 x 85,88 ± 10,90; p= 0,164) e houve correlação de baixa magnitude e não significativa (r= 0,149; p= 0,283); PEmáx em homens: a média dos valores encontrados foi significativamente maior que a média dos preditos (142,28 ± 43,89 x 126,30 ± 14,19; p= 0,017) e houve correlação não significativa de baixa magnitude (r= 0,159; p= 0,290). CONCLUSÃO: Considerando que para haver concordância entre os valores encontrados e preditos é preciso não haver diferença e haver correlação entre os valores, as equações propostas por Neder et al.³ não foram capazes de predizer os valores de PImáx e PEmáx na população estudada.

OBJECTIVE: To compare actual values for maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) found in a sample of healthy individuals from the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil) with the values predicted from the equations put forward by Neder et al.³. METHOD: Using an analog manovacuometer, 100 healthy subjects (54 women and 46 men aged 20-80 years old) were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric or non-parametric tests, depending on the distribution of the variables, and p< 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: For MIP in women, the mean of the actual values was significantly lower than the mean of the predicted values (68.24 ± 29.48 vs. 86.53 ± 8.76; p= 0.000) and there was a moderate and significant correlation (r= 0.557; p< 0.000). For MIP in men, no significant difference was observed between the actual and predicted values (104.67 ± 42.66 vs. 116.78 ± 14.02; p= 0.055) and there was a low and non-significant correlation (r= 0.236; p= 0.115). For MEP in women, there was no significant difference between the actual and predicted values (80.37 ± 33.32 vs. 85.88 ± 10.90; p= 0.164) and there was a low and non-significant correlation (r= 0.149; p= 0.283). For MEP in men, the mean of the actual values was significantly higher than the mean of the predicted values (142.28 ± 43.89 vs. 126.30 ± 14.19; p= 0.017) and there was a low and non-significant correlation (r= 0.159; p= 0.290). CONCLUSION: Considering that concordance between actual and predicted values requires the lack of difference and the existence of correlation between them, the equations proposed by Neder et al.³ were not successful in predicting MIP and MEP values in the population studied.

Relation of cervical length at 22-24 weeks of gestation to demographic characteristics and obstetric history

Preterm delivery is the main cause of neonatal death and ultrasonographic cervical assessment has been shown to be more accurate than digital examination in recognizing a short cervix. This is a cross-sectional study, involving 1131 women at 22-24 weeks of pregnancy, designed to determine the distribution of cervical length and to examine which variables of demographic characteristics and obstetric history increase the risk of a short cervix (15 mm or less). The distribution of maternal demographic and obstetric history characteristics among patients with cervical length ú15 mm was analyzed and compared to the findings for the general population. Risk ratios (RR) between subgroups were generated from this comparison. Median cervical length was 37 mm and in 1.5 percent of cases it was 15 mm or less. The proportion of women with a short cervix (<=15 mm) was significantly higher among patients with a low body mass index (RR = 3.5) and in those with previous fetal losses between 16-23 weeks (RR = 33.1) or spontaneous preterm deliveries between 24-32 weeks (RR = 14.1). We suggest that transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length be performed as part of a routine midtrimester ultrasound evaluation. There are specific variables of demographic characteristics and obstetric history which increase the risk of detecting a short cervix at 22-24 weeks.

Sialadenitis experimental en ratas castradas y aplicación de estrógenos / [Experimental sialadenitis in castrated rats administered estrogens]

Salivary glands are dependent on sexual hormones. The aim of the present work is to study the behavior of inflammatory response induced in animals that were castrated and injected with estrogens. Male adult wistar castrated rats (60-90 days) were used. A phlogogen pellet (zinc-oxide-turpentine essence) was placed between their sublingual and submaxillary glands and they were daily injected with 5 units of estrogen. The rats were killed after 8 and 12 days of treatment; submandibular pack was weighed, dissected and fixed in phormol Ph7 for its morphohistochemical study. Phlogogen pellet breaks out an acute inflammatory response that appears attenuated in castrated animals. Such character is enhanced when estrogens are used, disappearing ductal ectasis, becoming evident a granulation tissue of strange body in phagocytic activity and in contact with the pellet. As a consequence its follows that estrogen administration in castrated animals attenuates acute inflammatory response broken out by phlogogen pellet, determining characters with tendency to chronicity and giant cells differentiation of strange body.

Población mastocitaria en glándulas salivales de ratas sometidas a DMBA y castración

En el presente trabajo se cuantifican mastocitos en relación a las modificaciones histológicas de las glándulas salivales de ratas sometidas a la castración y aplicación simultánea de DMBA. Se utilizaron machos jóvenes Wistar, en grupos de cinco animales cada uno. Se sacrificaron a los 12, 23 y 28 días de iniciada la experiencia. Se disecaron las glándulas y se fijan en formol a pH 7 para su estudio morfohistoquímico e histométrico. En la glándula sublingual (GSL) se incrementa el número de mastocitos en todos los plazos estudiados, superando significativamente la población celular de la glándula submaxilar (GSM) a los 12 días de castrados. Al comparar animales sin castrar y castrados se advierte que las diferencias más notables de la población mastocitaria se presentan en (GSL). Con DMBA y castración simultánea se observa que la glándula sublingual sin castrar) condiciona la respuesta tisular atípica de la glándula al efecto del cencerígeno y por ende a la población mastocitaria